Pachuca, officially Pachuca de Soto is a Mexican city, head of the homonymous municipality of Pachuca and capital of the state of Hidalgo. It is located 96 km north of Mexico City, located in the eastern region of Mexico and within the geographic region of the state of Hidalgo, known as Comarca Minera, with geographic coordinates of 20°07 '18."North latitude and 98°44 '09" west longitude. In addition to having an altitude between 2382 and 2400 meters above sea level. According to the INEGI Census, 2010.
The city has a population of 256 584 inhabitants, which represents 95.79% of the municipal population According to projections of the National Population Council the population in 2015 was 256 453 inhabitants and for 2017 it has a population of 258 505. In 2010, it registered a human development index of 0.803 and it is estimated that it contributes 13.6% of Hidalgo's state gross domestic product The main economic activity is commerce, mining It is an activity with tradition in this city. The city was founded in the mid-15th century by a Mexica group, during the Viceroyalty of New Spain it was part of one of the most important mining centers, since this is where, for the first time, the amalgamation method was used for the obtaining the silver, known as patio benefit At the beginning of the war of independence the mines were abandoned, and by 1813 it received the title of city.
In the year of 1869 by presidential decree of Benito Juárez the state of Hidalgo, designating Pachuca as state capital. From 1824 to 1906 Pachuca and Mineral del Monte had a period of association with Cornwall, England, the Cornish and English community was established throughout the nineteenth century, declining only during the first half of the twentieth century. Mexican the history of the city, is linked to mining. From 1920-1940, it oscillates between stagnation and decay. From 1940-1965 between decadence and the rebound. And between 1965-1990 the mining growth, although after the year 2000 there is again a decline, highlighting the closing of several mines. From the great growth that the city of 2000-2010 has had, due to the proximity of Mexico City, urban growth began to invade other municipalities, occupying agricultural and ejidal areas, creating the metropolitan area of Pachuca.
The metropolitan area of Pachuca is made up of the municipalities of Pachuca de Soto, Mineral del Monte, Mineral de la Reforma, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Epazoyucan, Zapotlán de Juárez and Zempoala, which has a population of 512 196 inhabitants in 2010 and a estimate for 2015 of 557 093 inhabitants. It is the headquarters of the Pachuca Football Club, founded by English miners and popularly known as the Cradle of Mexican Soccer. The English also left different cultural influences in the region such as football and grazing. The city is popularly known as La Bella Airosa, Ciudad del Viento or as the Bride of the Winds, due to the winds that blow from the northeast during a great part of the year.