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The Italian people are a European ethnic group with a Latin root settled mainly in Italy. After the constitution, or modern reconstitution of a unified national state itself, the Kingdom of Italy, the term has also come to designate all Italian citizens and naturalized foreigners who have adopted the lifestyle, language, culture and the values ​​of the autochthonous population.

Its language is Italian, the mother tongue of 95% of the resident population, sometimes spoken in conjunction with one of its numerous dialects, and its majority religion is Catholic, being its country, always the seat of the Church catholic Closely linked to the Italian nation are the natives of San Marino, of Italian language and culture, and the historical Italian ethnic communities, officially recognized as such, present for several centuries in Switzerland, Croatia and Slovenia. As regards the large number of descendants of Italians scattered throughout the world, Italians tend to consider all those who have preserved the culture, traditions, religion and, above all, the language of their ancestors. The colonies of the most consistent Italian natives are found in the Americas and, to a lesser extent, in Australia and Europe. Italy was, in antiquity, the cradle of the Roman civilization that continues today to merge the Italian people with all peoples of Neo-Latine expression heirs of Rome, whose Empire represented, together with Athenian democracy, the highlight of Western civilization ancient.

Rome managed to unify Italy for several centuries, but after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Italians, like other European peoples, had to suffer a long series of foreign invasions and dominations. In spite of such a tormented history, they knew how to develop, from the year 1000, a refined and prosperous urban civilization, based on commerce, which reached its apogee in the 13th century, coming together in the 14th century, in another civilization native in formation known as the Renaissance, the Renaissance, in turn, produced Mannerism, a determining artistic movement for the birth of the Baroque that originated in the city of Rome in the last decade of the sixteenth century. All those civilizations and movements born in Italy were internationalized, giving a strong impulse to the cultural and material development of the western world.

The high economic and cultural level of the Italians, which lasted until the first decades of the seventeenth century, was accompanied by a chronic political and military weakness, caused by the fragmentation of their land of origin in several states over which they exercised direct or indirectly its dominion, during more or less long periods and according to different modalities, many of the powers that happened in the European scene, like the Byzantine Empire, the Sacred Roman Empire, France, Spain and Austria. Only a small group of Italian states managed to remain always, or almost always, independent: Venice and Genoa with their respective republics, the Duchy of Savoy, which in the 18th century became the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Papal State. Following the destiny of other peoples, such as the German, the Greek and a large part of the ethnic groups settled in Eastern Europe, the Italians were able to constitute their own unified national state, as we have already indicated, only in the 19th century thanks to a series of wars of liberation gone down in history with the name of Risorgimento.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italians

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